Which category do hardware and software components fall under in security controls?

Hardware and software components fall under the category of technical controls because these controls are designed to mitigate risk through the use of technology. Technical controls include a wide range of automated systems, applications, or devices that help enforce security policies and procedures. Examples include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption tools, and antivirus software.

These controls are integral to protecting sensitive data and systems. They enforce security measures automatically and can be essential to establishing a secure infrastructure. By implementing technical controls, organizations can effectively manage access to systems, protect confidentiality and integrity, and ensure availability of information assets.

The other categories—administrative, physical, and regulatory controls—do not encompass the technical mechanisms provided by hardware and software. Administrative controls focus on policies and procedures; physical controls are concerned with the safeguarding of the physical environment; and regulatory controls involve compliance with laws and standards.